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Details about Methyl Bromide Fumigation ?

 

Methyl Bromide Fumigation: Detailed Overview

Chemical and Physical Properties

  • Chemical formula: CH₃Br
  • Molecular weight: 94.94 g/mol
  • Boiling point: 3.6°C (38.5°F)
  • Vapor density: 3.3 times heavier than air
  • Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, highly soluble in organic solvents
  • Appearance: Colorless, odorless gas (commercial formulations contain chloropicrin as warning agent)
  • Vapor pressure: 1420 mm Hg at 20°C

Fumigation Process Specifications

Pre-fumigation Preparation

  1. Commodity inspection and moisture content verification (ideally below 12% for dal)
  2. Sealing the fumigation chamber or enclosure (0.1 ACH or less leakage rate)
  3. Temperature regulation (minimum 10°C, optimal 21-27°C)
  4. Loading configuration to ensure gas circulation (minimum 15 cm space between stacks)
  5. Placement of gas sampling tubes at strategic locations

Application Parameters

  • Dosage rates: Generally 24-80 g/m³ depending on commodity and target pests
  • For dal: Typically 32-48 g/m³ is standard
  • Application methods: Direct gas release or evaporation from liquid under pressure
  • Exposure duration: 24-72 hours based on temperature and concentration
  • Concentration monitoring: At 0.5, 2, 4, 12, and 24 hours after application
  • Minimum concentration requirements at end of exposure (CT product)

Post-fumigation Procedures

  • Mechanical ventilation with minimum 15 air changes
  • Gas concentration verification (<5 ppm before human re-entry)
  • Aeration time: 12-24 hours for bulk commodities
  • Residue testing if required by importing country
  • Documentation and certification completion

Mode of Action

  • Primary mechanism: Alkylation of proteins and nucleic acids
  • Disrupts cellular metabolism and enzymatic processes
  • Affects respiratory systems of target organisms
  • Penetrates insect eggs through diffusion
  • Effectively kills by disrupting both central nervous system and metabolic functions

Equipment and Infrastructure

  • Pressure-rated fumigation chambers with temperature control
  • Gas introduction systems (vaporizers and distribution pipes)
  • Monitoring equipment: Gas analyzers (thermal conductivity or infrared)
  • Safety systems: Scrubbers, alarms, emergency shutdown procedures
  • Personal protective equipment: SCBA systems, gas masks with appropriate cartridges

International Standards and Protocols

  • ISPM-15 for wood packaging materials
  • IPPC fumigation standards for specific commodities
  • Codex Alimentarius MRL guidelines
  • Country-specific protocols (USDA-APHIS, AQIS, EU standards)
  • Calibration and certification requirements for equipment

Environmental Fate

  • Atmospheric half-life: Approximately 0.8 years
  • Ozone depletion potential (ODP): 0.6
  • Global warming potential: 5
  • Soil degradation: Slow under anaerobic conditions
  • Water systems: Hydrolysis with half-life of 20-30 days

Critical Control Points

  • Leak detection using pressure testing or smoke tests
  • Temperature uniformity throughout treatment area
  • Proper gas distribution verified through multiple sampling points
  • Accurate calculation of loaded vs. empty space volume
  • Documentation of all parameters throughout process

Despite international efforts to phase out methyl bromide under the Montreal Protocol, its continued use for quarantine and pre-shipment purposes highlights its effectiveness when alternatives cannot meet importing countries' requirements for pest elimination.

Purchase Lakeena Dal via Online - www.seenaavaanaa.com

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Location: Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India

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